How Water Filtration Maintenance can Save You Time, Stress, and Money.

Our Water Filtration Maintenance Diaries


Mosts cysts are larger than 1 micron so a debris filter would certainly be reliable for this concern however needs to be a '1 micron absolute' to assure effectiveness. Frequently the main concern of a person intending to filter their house water is chlorine and rightly so. No person wishes to drink or bathe in water scenting & sampling like a swimming pool.




Water Filtration MaintenanceWater Filtration Maintenance
Check with your water business whether they utilize this chemical in the treatment plant. Typically made up of 2 or even 3 filter real estates these systems can also be the most costly selection.




 


Such filters include systems such as the which consists of an Energetic Ceramics, a carbon with KDF and a granular triggered carbon filter which will certainly offer the most effective possible house water. Various other systems such as the will also eliminate a huge variety of pollutants and includes the Active Ceramics filter with the 2nd real estate containing a 5 micron carbon block cartridge.




What Does Water Filtration Maintenance Mean?


The obvious disadvantage of energetic ceramic cartridges as well as the systems utilizing them is the preliminary expense, making it seem a costly investment, nevertheless it needs to be borne in mind that Energetic Ceramic cartridges have a life expectancy of 2 to 3 years making them as a matter of fact a very economical option.


Consequently it is highly advised that all be set up with several sediment pre-filters. The most effective water filter systems will certainly spoil if not properly kept. This is not a challenging point to accomplish. Typically all that's necessary is prompt filter modifications. Exercising when a filter adjustment is needed is not an exact scientific research however and also will certainly depend on several variables such as the sort of filter, sediment degrees, the total quantity that has flowed via the system, p, H as well as water contaminant degrees.


An extremely helpful addition to the system is to consist of a straightforward water meter with your setup which will certainly let you recognize the precise volume of water that has actually been filtered and also makes computing filter changes extra precise. An isolating shutoff is really beneficial when changing or keeping your filter and it is recommended that a person or more be fitted at the time of installment.




The 8-Minute Rule for Water Filtration Maintenance




Water filtering systems are created to be made use of on continous usage. Taken out of service (shutdown) for a prolonged amount of time, there might be influences to item efficiency. Please click the ideal photo and also adhere to the instructions in the PDF to ensure constant efficiency when the system is returned to typical procedure.


The brief video clip listed below assistances this If you require additional suggestions on your water filter, do call your devices vendor straight or the maker of the filter. Everyone is always ready to help.




Water Filtration MaintenanceWater Filtration Maintenance
With the help of a residence water therapy system, you can be felt confident that the water you consume alcohol (as well as the original source use for many various other objectives) is as clean and also risk-free as possible. There's something to maintain in mind: a residence water treatment system just functions if it's correctly kept.




The Only Guide to Water Filtration Maintenance


You'll want to discover more about maintenance prior to making a decision on which kind of system to install. There are a number of pointers you can follow despite the kind of water purification system you have: A yearly regular evaluation is an advised and affordable way to assist guarantee your system is running at its ideal capacity.


From better health and wellness and also health to a cleaner residence, cleaner water can impact the entire house. Not only do water purification systems generate much healthier water than faucet water, however they are likewise much more economical than bottled water.


Less than 60 of these chemicals have their levels regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency. Long-term results of several of the continuing to be chemicals have actually not been formally examined. Filtering systems filter approximately 99. 9% of chemicals from the water in the residence. Americans take in 50 billion bottles of water each year.




Water Filtration Maintenance Things To Know Before You Buy


Water purification systems provide all of the benefits of purified check my site water without the waste of containers. The average house in America consumes concerning $245 worth of bottled water per individual per year.


The price to install a sophisticated water filtering system can look high at. The majority of households with a water filtration system pay in between $700 and also $2,000 for preliminary installment.


The human body is 70% water. Top quality water is not only essential, it is crucial to your life. Pure water can aid the body to have more powerful nails, shinier hair, recoup from illness quicker, and take in my response nutrients much better.




An Unbiased View of Water Filtration Maintenance


Setting up an innovative has a wealth of benefits. From much better health and wellness and wellness to a cleaner residence, cleaner water can influence the whole family. Not only do water filtering systems create much healthier water than faucet water, yet they are likewise a lot more affordable than mineral water. There is a listing a mile long of the total benefits of cleaner water, yet right here are some highlights.


9% of chemicals from the water in the house. Americans consume 50 billion bottles of water every year.


Water filtering systems use all of the benefits of purified water without the waste of bottles. The typical house in America eats about $245 worth of bottled water per person per year.




All about Water Filtration Maintenance


This does not make up any kind of unique water requirements like cooking. The cost to install an advanced water filtration system can look high initially. A lot of homes with a water filtration system pay in between $700 and also $2,000 for initial installation. Taking into consideration that the rate for bottled water is around $1,000 a year, this is a worthy single financial investment.


As the old stating goes, "You are what you eat." Well, this is rather true. A far better declaration would be, "You are what you consume alcohol." The human body is 70% water. High-grade water is not only important, it is essential to your life. Distilled water can assist the body to have stronger nails, shinier hair, recoup from illness quicker, and soak up nutrients much better.

 

An Unbiased View of Hard Water Testing

Not known Details About Hard Water Testing


Furthermore, entire residence water filters can be mounted to get rid of details impurities and impurities, even more boosting water high quality. Some water conditioners may have a limited influence on scale development and also identifying. Comprehending the frequency of difficult water and its impact on your pipes system, devices, and also water top quality is vital for making notified decisions regarding therapy choices.


The minerals present in difficult water, such as calcium and magnesium, can adversely influence the body as well as overall health. One of the primary health problems associated with tough water is its impact on the skin.


Another typical prevalence of kidney rocks is additionally linked with the intake of hard water over prolonged durations. Some studies recommend that in the precautionary method to kidney rocks, intake of soft water has actually been more suitable to hard water since it is linked with a lower danger for the recurrence of calcium rocks.




Hard Water TestingHard Water Testing


Some people may experience light gastrointestinal concerns when consuming difficult water because of its high mineral web content. These issues can consist of bloating, gas, and also tummy pain. As per a research, excess calcium present in hard water may create kidneys to work more challenging to filter, triggering indigestion, nausea or vomiting, and bowel irregularity (Hard Water Testing).




Hard Water Testing Can Be Fun For Anyone




Dealing with difficult water is critical to boost the high quality of your water supply and also attending to the problems triggered by water solidity. Thankfully, numerous efficient approaches are offered for treating difficult water, consisting of water softeners, reverse osmosis systems, as well as water conditioners. Water softeners are a preferred option for treating tough water.


Water conditioners can match various other hard water treatment methods, boosting their efficiency as well as minimizing the negative effects of tough water. In particular applications with very difficult water these sorts of conditioners may not totally remove hard water detecting, and may need using a standard Ion Exchange Water Softener in series or just for the warm water line feeding the dishwashing machine and also showers.


Difficult water filters can be set up at details points of use, such as under the sink or at the primary water supply, to guarantee that all water coming into your residence is dealt with (Hard Water Testing). These filters are designed to treat calcium, magnesium, debris, and other contaminants, supplying you with cleaner and also fresher-tasting water.


Water softeners, reverse osmosis systems, water conditioners, as well as hard water filters are all viable alternatives for combating water solidity as well click to read as boosting water high quality. Check out these techniques to discover the most suitable solution for your requirements, and delight in the benefits of cured water, such as improved lather development, lowered limescale build-up, and also boosted water preference.




Not known Facts About Hard Water Testing


By adopting aggressive steps and adhering to routine maintenance methods, you can minimize the impact of tough water. And you can lengthen the life expectancy of your tough water therapy systems, such as water softeners, reverse osmosis systems, and tough water filters. To stop and manage difficult water concerns, it is crucial to evaluate and keep an eye on the quality of your water consistently.


Or if you would certainly such as to eliminate her response mineral accumulation from taps and also decrease the quantity of mineral discoloration in showers. This can appear like the excellent solution, however it might not be for every person depending on your degree of water hardness.


Water softening additionally has an ecological influence because the water is being changed away from freshwater by the intro of salts. One different installment is to just fit the salt softener on the hot water side instead than on the major water line. This permits salt-softened water in your bathroom, shower, and also dishwashing machine, however not in your chilly water as a fantastic read well as commodes thus muting the overall influence.


Protecting Appliances: Set up water softeners or conditioners in areas where hard water can trigger damage to appliances such as dishwashing machines, cleaning equipments, and water heating systems. Find out concerning the necessary upkeep tasks to keep your water therapy system in optimal condition: Filter Replacement: If you have a water filter, see to it to change the filter cartridge as advised by the producer.




Hard Water Testing Fundamentals Explained


 


Check out the very best options for hard water therapy at The Perfect Water, such as tough water softeners and also filters, as well as take positive steps to stop and also maintain a healthy and balanced water supply.




Hard Water TestingHard Water Testing


Conductivity enables the electrical cost that generates the modifications we are seeking in alkaline, ionized water. Minerals give a specific "vigor" to water. Water that lacks mineral web content, such as water from reverse osmosis or distillation, has no conductivity and also is taken into consideration by lots of to be "dead" or denatured water.


Our bodies are designed to consume water with minerals, to use calcium for bones as well as magnesium for the heart etc. and the human race has been doing so given that the dawn of time. It is only in the last few years, that we have actually been revealed to pure and mineral complimentary water - frequently in bottles.


Water with a high degree of mineral content is called hard water, while water with a reduced mineral web content is called soft water. That specified, all Alka, Viva water ionizers will certainly generate an optimal series of healthy and balanced drinking water, in both hard as well as soft water locations, unless used in severe water top quality situations.




Some Ideas on Hard Water Testing You Need To Know


Hard water mineral deposits or "scaling", is the precipitation of minerals which create lime scale. Scale can clog pipes and can lower the life of basically all home appliances in the house, especially those that use warm water. Range can do the very same point to your water ionizer, reducing water flow, performance as well as durability.




Hard Water TestingHard Water Testing


In most areas, the level of hardness serves for ionizers. Be aware that there are isolated pockets in Arizona, Southern California, Texas, Utah, New Mexico, the Midwest and in well water sources all over the United States, that have extreme tough water, which can create ionizer malfunction and/or long term range damage.

 

Water Cure Usa Hard Water Testing New York for Dummies

All about Water Cure Usa Reverse Osmosis System New York


She clarified that her little girl was dying of an uncommon condition, and no medical facilities in the area can help her. A medical professional of different medication had described to the lady that her child was allergic to the contaminated water in America.


We wanted to assist this dying girl, so we installed the system. As an outcome, the filter, including water for showering, cleaning, as well as drinking.




She had a damaging response to the pollutants in her local water, and The inadequate water top quality in our state as well as nation is one more aspect that motivated Andrew to begin educating individuals regarding water. When he took control of at Angel Water, he did some research study and located that Nevertheless, the majority of these chemicals really did not exceed EPA criteria, so the government had not been doing anything about it (water cure usa filter companies new york).




The 2-Minute Rule for Water Cure Usa Distilled Water New York


When we consume infected water, it to filter out the harmful components. We could place this power to better use if we really did not have to expend it dealing with pollution. By filtering the water in advance, we and utilize it for various other functions. Because of this, we improve our total health.




Water Cure Usa Bacteria Testing New YorkWater Cure Usa Water Filtration System New York
Not just can sprinkle filtration make us much healthier, yet it can additionally When you run contaminated water via your taps, dishwashers, washing equipments, the contaminants can deteriorate at the equipment, Alternatively, by using filtered water, of having to get your devices fixed regularly than you should. Terrific wellness and longer-lasting appliancesthese benefits seem like a win-win to us! At Angel Water, we are dedicated to So, if you have questions about your water, please do not hesitate to get to out! Our professionals can help you diagnose what's incorrect with your water as well as figure out the right filtering products for your house.


Does your tap water preference like chlorine? You must have the benefit to delight in the preference of fresh, odor-free drinking water.




The Best Guide To Water Cure Usa Water Treatment New York


Do not take the risk of stockpiling unclean water. You can be fully equipped on lots of products, but you could not have enough water filters to cleanse your water.


Take a look at our supply of water containers and also filters to make certain the security of your alcohol consumption water.


This write-up will take an in-depth appearance at water filtering systems. The post will bring more detail on topics such as: Principle of Water Filtering Systems Kind of Water Filtering Solutions Applications and Advantages of Water Filtering Solution As Well As Much Much more ... This phase will certainly review what water filtering systems are, their elements, and also how they work.




Things about Water Cure Usa Reverse Osmosis New York


The requirements are a filter tool, a fluid that has solids in suspension, a force usually developed by the stress difference in between 2 points as well as the device (the filter) which contains the medium, the fluid to be filteringed system and permits the driving force. Cake is a by-product of the filtering system procedure.


The filter media can be split right into two various courses. One type is the thin try this out obstacles usually exhibited as a filtration fabric, purification screen or the typical research laboratory filter paper. The second class is the thick obstacles which are usually sandfill beds, porous porcelains coke beds, porous metal and a precoat of filter help that is commonly made use of in the filtering of liquids that consist of gelatinous precipitates in the market.




Water Cure Usa Water Filtration Maintenance New YorkWater Cure Usa Hard Water Testing New York
A sand bed may be utilized in the situation of a gelatinlike cake that would certainly obstruct the pores of the purification medium and quit the system from working. A thick filter tool such as a sand bed might be dramatically bigger than the fragments to be separated from the liquid.




Water Cure Usa Distilled Water New York - Truths


The filtering force drives the fluid to be filtered and makes it go through the filtrate tool. The filtering system pressure is brought by the pressure of gravity or by a created centrifugal pressure or application of a vacuum cleaner listed below the filter to develop the stress distinction. Centrifuges with a dish with an absorptive filter tool can be taken into consideration as the centrifugal pressure replaces the gravitational pressure which is significantly higher than gravity.


The chemical reactions within the filtering system lessen as well as decrease chemicals like chlorine. These kinds of water filters are gone over straight from the source in this section.


The carbon utilizes its loaded surface that has crannies and nooks that can catch all chemical pollutants in the water. The purification system has actually granular triggered carbon which has the ability to minimize any type of undesirable tastes in the water and any kind of smells with absorption. more information The much more expensive filters are lined with blocks of carbon which are generally extra efficient at filtering as well as carry a micron rating for corresponding bit removal.




A Biased View of Water Cure Usa Bacteria Testing New York


 


Ion exchange is a filtration procedure that is utilized to soften hard water through exchanging of elements like magnesium ions and also calcium ions that live in difficult water for other elements such as hydrogen or sodium. Ion exchange procedure literally removes all hard minerals thereby lowering the limescale and also therefore making the water suitable for application makes use of where it is maintained heats like in commercial coffee machines.

 

How Reverse Osmosis Filtration System can Save You Time, Stress, and Money.

Top Guidelines Of Reverse Osmosis Filtration System

 

Remove this possibility by filtering system water for your clients and the water you make use of to cook food. Filteringed system water is likewise simpler on your pipes system as it assists prevent mineral accumulation and the requirement for future repair services.


They load landfills as well as sometimes also finish up at the base of the ocean, rivers and also lakes, as well as several other bodies of water. Lend a hand by installing a water filtering system in your workplace or restaurant.


You can pick among a number of various water purification systems on the market, however with the selection of water supply readily available today, it can be testing to select the appropriate one for your needs. You'll definitely see advantages, nonetheless, from any type of water purification system you choose. Adhering to are some of the water filtering choices: UV Treatments: Numerous business utilize chlorine to kill germs in the water, yet the trouble with this treatment is that the water currently has chlorine.

 

 

 

7 Simple Techniques For Reverse Osmosis Filtration System

 

Reverse Osmosis Filtration SystemReverse Osmosis Filtration System

 
 

 

 

 


Discuss your requirements with the vendor to obtain the finest commercial water filter systems to improve your water problems. Water is not just H2O; it is composed of several micro-organisms that deteriorate its high quality.


 

 

 


Water filtering is the process of reducing or removing common water pollutants such as bloodsuckers, viruses, dust and also chemicals. A high-quality alcohol consumption water filter system can help make certain the water you put in your body is tidy and healthy however not all systems are created equal.


A mechanical filter is made to eliminate any kind of solid bit with using an obstacle. Filters vary from mesh, which gets rid of big debris, to ceramic, which filterings system out small organisms like microorganisms and also viruses. Mechanical filters are assigned with a micron rating, which represents exactly how effective they are concerning the dimension of the fragments they can strain.

 

 

 

What Does Reverse Osmosis Filtration System Mean?


Reverse osmosis filters get rid of water pollutants such as chlorine as well as debris via stress, by utilizing a semipermeable membrane (Reverse Osmosis Filtration System). During the reverse osmosis process, water travels through from the side that has more contaminants to the side that is less concentrated. When water passes to the opposite side of the semipermeable membrane layer, it offers you with tidy alcohol consumption water.


While mineral water might be hassle-free, specifically for individuals who are always on the go, it poses numerous risks to the atmosphere and is inevitably a much more expensive option. A current record found that Americans spend a tremendous $16 billion on bottled water. While water is a drink you can't live without, you do have alternate choices to reduce expenses.


While traditional water colders have been a workplace staple for many years, the technology given by our bottleless water coolers allows us to supply more secure as well as more lasting access to clean alcohol consumption water. Fascinated in our drinking water filter solutions?Contact us!. This article will certainly take an in-depth appearance at water filtering systems. The post will bring more information on subjects such as: Principle of Water Filtering Solution Kind Of advice Water Filtering Solutions Applications and also Benefits of Water Filtering Systems As Well As A Lot More ... This chapter will certainly discuss what water filtering systems are, their parts, and how they function. The needs are a filter medium, a fluid that has solids
in suspension, a force generally created by the pressure difference between 2 points and also the device(the filter)that has the medium, the fluid to be filteringed system and enables the driving force. Cake is a result of the filtering system process. The filter media can be divided into two various
classes. One kind is the slim obstacles typically exhibited as a filtration fabric, filtration screen or the usual lab filter paper. The second course is the thick barriers which are typically sandfill beds, porous ceramics coke beds, permeable steel as well as a precoat of filter aid that is usually made use of in the filtering of liquids that comprise gelatinous precipitates in the industry. A sand bed may be used in the instance of a gelatinlike cake that would certainly obstruct the pores of the purification tool and also stop the system from working. A thick filter medium such as a sand bed might be considerably larger than the particles to be divided from the fluid. The filtering system force drives the fluid to be filteringed system and also makes it pass
via the filtrate tool. The filtering system pressure is brought by the force of gravity or by a produced centrifugal force official statement or application of a vacuum listed below the filter to create the stress distinction. Centrifuges with a dish with an absorptive filter medium can be considered as the centrifugal pressure changes the gravitational force which is considerably more than gravity. The activated carbon then imitates a magnet for lead as well as other volatile compounds.

 

 

 

Some Known Details About Reverse Osmosis Filtration System

 

Reverse Osmosis Filtration SystemReverse Osmosis Filtration System
The chemical responses within the filtering system minimize and also reduce chemicals like chlorine. There are five usual kinds of filters widely made use of in industrial as well as business circumstances. These sorts of water filters are reviewed in this area. Ion exchange is a filtering procedure that is used to soften difficult water through trading of elementslike magnesium ions as well as calcium ions that stay in hard water for various other elements such as hydrogen or sodium (Reverse Osmosis Filtration System). Ion exchange procedure literally removes all hard minerals consequently decreasing the limescale and also therefore making the water ideal for application uses where it is maintained heats like in business coffee devices. The material makes use of sodium ions to soften the water and also needs to be periodically credited see to it the resin does not end up being ineffective.


While traditional water coolers have actually been a workplace staple for years, the technology provided by our bottleless water coolers enables us to provide safer as well as extra lasting access to clean drinking water. Intrigued in our alcohol consumption water filter solutions?Contact us!. The article will bring a lot more information on subjects such as: Concept of Water Filtering Systems Types of Water Filtering Equipments Applications as well as Advantages of Water Filtering Solution And Also Much Extra ... This phase will certainly review what water basics filtering systems are, their parts, as well as exactly how they work.


The chemical responses within the filtering system lessen as well as decrease chemicals like chlorine. There are five common kinds of filters commonly utilized in industrial and also commercial situations. These kinds of water filters are talked about in this area. Ion exchange is a filtration process that is used to soften hard water via exchanging of elementslike magnesium ions and calcium ions that stay in tough water for other components such as hydrogen or salt. Ion exchange procedure physically removes all tough minerals thereby reducing the limescale and also therefore making the water appropriate for application utilizes where it is kept at heats like in business coffee devices. The resin utilizes salt ions to soften the water and also has to be periodically credited make certain the material does not end up being ineffective.
 

Fascination About Water Purifying Systems

Some Known Factual Statements About Water Purifying Systems

 

FAQ While several models are in the $500 range, Epstein notes, "A great whole-house water filter can cost you $2,000 or higher, depending upon the level of filtering system." For several houses, water filters are well worth the investment. To establish whether it's a beneficial purchase, Epstein claims to consider your instant demands.




Some whole-house water filters get rid of lead and also various other hefty steels like mercury, iron, copper, manganese, chromium, and also arsenic. Not all systems are made to remove lead, even if they can filter other hefty metals, so be certain to examine the product description prior to purchasing one.


"They are usually installed where the water solution gets in the dwelling in order to filter all the domestic water," discusses Epstein. Your primary water shut-off shutoff is likely someplace on the border of your house, such as in your garage, cellar, laundry room, or potentially the basement. Additionally, Epstein says power is commonly called for, and "drainage may be required for automatic washdown of the filter." While it depends on the capacity and the size of your house, the containers of a lot of whole-house water filtering systems last anywhere from three to ten years.


Water filters differ not just in their filtering methods however likewise in convenience of installation and expense. Picking a water filter will depend on your details needs, along with which type (e. g. a tap filter, a canteen filter, or a whole-house filter) will certainly work best for you.

 

 

 

Some Known Incorrect Statements About Water Purifying Systems


Below are the most effective water filters offered online. Amazon Big Berkey has a big capability as well as you only need to change filters every 3 years. This filter is much more costly than others and also uses up area on your counter. If you're seeking an easy-to-use, huge, as well as lasting water filter that can offer tidy water for a group, the Big Berkey Gravity Fed Water filter is a great optionand our leading choice.

 

 

 

Water Purifying SystemsWater Purifying Systems

 
 

 


Plus, it has a huge capability, holding 2. 25 gallons at once, making it a terrific option if you have a family members or deal with Clicking Here other individuals. While this filter is a financial investment, we think it's worth it over time. Unlike the majority of filters that need regular changing, the durable and also strong Big Berkey is a low-maintenance filter you can rely on.


25 Gallons N/A None Amazon.com As an under-sink filter, it will not use up valuable counter room or be an eyesore on your sink faucet. The inner filter must be replaced every 3 to 6 months. Under-sink water filters make it easy to consume alcohol filtered water straight out of the tap so you can use it for drinking, cooking, as well as cleansing dishes.


99% of all pollutants consisting of chlorine, lead, and heavy steels, while leaving essential minerals. Leaving in these minerals can assist ensure that your water index still tastes pleasurable as well as that it stays a resource of these minerals in your diet. What collections this undersink filter besides others, and a large reason we suggest it: the Frizzlife filter is also easy to change.

 

 

 

Everything about Water Purifying Systems

 

Water Purifying SystemsWater Purifying Systems

Water Purifying SystemsWater Purifying Systems
 



Another plus for this low-cost tap place is how easy it is to mount and utilize. You can attach the filter to your tap on your very own, without devices or a plumbing professional. The filter has an on/off switch so you can choose when to turn on the filterin situation you would love to just use it for alcohol consumption.


Up to 3 months $50100 Gallons, N/ANone Amazon.com This filter removes significant pollutants and also sediment, supplying you with tidy water and shielding your appliances. Entire home purification systems are costly and also you might need an expert for installation. Entire home water filters can be helpful if you have difficult water or intend to remove big sediment or dirt that may be in your water.


Some entire residence purification systems can affect water pressure. This filter, nonetheless, is developed to have a high circulation price, giving up to 0. 25 gallons of water per second - Water Purifying Systems. While entire house purification is a more costly alternative, the filter just requires changing every 6 to 12 months. If you do not need an entire house filtration system, we assume among the other choices on our checklist will be a much better fit.


The filter requires to be changed every two monthsmore regular try this web-site than any type of other product on this list. If you're trying to find a very easy means to filter your water without the trouble of mounting a purification system, a pitcher may be a wonderful option. We like that this one from Pur is an NSF accredited filter, so we can be certain that it is a reliable product that removes the contaminants it states it does.

 

 

 

What Does Water Purifying Systems Do?

 

 


It has a stay-tight lid to help protect against spills, plus you can pour while the water is still filtering system. The filter is likewise dishwasher safethis is a vital feature, because bacteria can conveniently grow inside water filters. The Pur filter holds 11 mugs and also can fit inside your fridge door.
 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15